Radar scene emulator brings automakers closer to vehicle autonomy

Automotive OEMs are provided with full-scene emulation via the Radar Scene Emulator introduced by Keysight Technologies. It enables them to lab test complex, real-world scenarios, accelerating the overall speed of test and full vehicle autonomy. 

Full-scene emulation in the lab is critical to developing the robust radar sensors and algorithms needed for advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS)/autonomous driving (AD) capabilities. Keysight’s full-scene emulator combines hundreds of miniature radio frequency (RF) front ends into a scalable emulation screen representing up to 512 objects and distances as close as 1.5 meters.

Using full scene rendering that emulates near and far targets across a wide continuous field of view (FOV), Keysight’s Radar Scene Emulator enables customers to rapidly test automotive radar sensors integrated in autonomous driving systems with highly complex multi-target scenes. 

Its patented technology shifts emulation away from target simulation for object detection to traffic scene emulation. This approach allows automotive OEMs to see more with a wider, continuous field of view (FOV) and supports both near and far targets. In this way, gaps in a radar’s vision are eliminated, while enabling improved training of algorithms to detect and differentiate multiple objects in dense, complex scenes. As a result, autonomous vehicle decisions can be made based on the complete picture, not just what the test equipment sees, explained Keysight.

Radar sensors can be tested against a limited number of targets, providing an incomplete view of driving scenarios and masking the complexity of the real-world. Keysight’s radar scene emulator allows OEMs to emulate real-world driving scenes in the lab with variations of traffic density, speed, distance and total number of targets. Testing can be completed early for common to corner case scenes, while minimising risk, added the company.

It also provides a deterministic real-world environment for lab testing complex scenes that can presently only be tested on the road. OEMs can “significantly accelerate ADAS/AD algorithm learning by testing scenarios earlier with complex repeatable high-density scenes, with objects stationary or in motion, varying environmental characteristics, while eliminating inefficiencies from manual or robotic automation,” said the company.

There are point clouds (multiple reflections per object), which improve resolution for each object. For example, distinguishing between obstacles on the road which is required for Level 4 and 5 vehicle autonomy as designated by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).

Keysight will demonstrate the Radar Scene Emulator at CES 2022 (5 to 8 January) at Booth 4169, Las Vegas Convention Center, West Hall.

Keysight’s radar scene emulator is part of the company’s Autonomous Drive Emulation (ADE) platform, created through a multi-year collaboration between Keysight, IPG Automotive and Nordsys. The ADE platform exercises ADAS and AD software through the rendering of pre-defined use cases that apply time-synchronised inputs to the actual sensors and sub-systems in a car, such as the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), vehicle to everything (V2X), camera and radar. The open platform, ADE enables automotive OEMs, and their partners, to focus on the development and testing of ADAS/AD systems and algorithms, including sensor fusion and decision-making algorithms. Automotive OEMs can integrate the platform with commercial 3D modelling, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) systems and existing test and simulation environments.

http://www.keysight.com

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Actuator and sensor control MCUs bring automotive control to the edge 

Two microcontrollers (MCUs) released by Renesas Electronics are designed for automotive actuator and sensor control applications. The RL78/F24 and RL78/F23 have been added to the RL78 family of low power, 16-bit MCUs. The company says that, with these additions, the automotive portfolio offers customers reliable, high-performance devices for systems ranging from actuators to zone control. 

Electrical and electronic (E/E) architecture is extending to include zone and domain control applications. This means control mechanisms have to evolve to accommodate body control for automotive systems such as lights, windows, and mirrors, motor control for engine pumps and fans and multiple sensor control. In future, high-speed and secure connectivity with zone and domain controllers will be mission critical for edge electronic control units (ECUs), advises Renesas. The RL78/F24 and RL78/F23 MCUs support the CAN FD high speed communication protocol (RL78/F24) and EVITA-Light security. They are also optimised for systems targeting ASIL-B levels under the ISO 26262 functional safety standard.

Using the actuator and sensor control MCUs enables developers to reuse most of their existing software assets, says Reneas, which reduces costs, yet still advances E/E architecture.

The future of automotive systems design lies in a vehicle-centralised, zone-oriented E/E architecture, the company maintains. This trend is creating higher demand for more advanced functionality and better performance in actuator controller applications. The RL78/F24 and RL78/F23 MCUs deliver up to approximately 70 per cent faster operating frequencies than the previous generation, which can more than double the performance in brushless DC (DLDC) motor control applications.

The hardware accelerator and timer functions for motor control have also been enhanced and a 12-bit ADC has been added.

The RL78/F24 and RL78/F23 MCUs have an operating frequency of 40MHz, on-chip flash memory capacity of 128 or 256kbytes and operate at temperatures up to 150 degrees C.

The MCUs support a selection of connectivity interfaces, including CAN FD (RL78/F24), LIN, SPI, and I2C. For security, there is support for EVITA-Light and for AES-128/192/256 encryption algorithms.

The additions to the RL78 family are pin-compatible and have the same energy efficiency.

Renesas also offers an RL78/F24 target board and is developing an RL78/F24 12V motor control evaluation system starter kit.

Sampling of the RL78/F24 and RL78/F23 MCUs will be available starting April 2022, with mass production scheduled to begin in the second half of 2023. 

https://www.renesas.com

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S32G3 network processors extend to software-defined vehicle use

NXP Semiconductors has extended it S32G family of network processors with the S32G3 series. According to the company it now offers broad scalability from vehicle microcontrollers to higher-performance vehicle compute applications with software and pin compatibility.

There are four initial devices in the family, all software and pin-compatible with the S32G2 series which has been in full production since Q2 2021. They offer up to 2.5x more applications processing performance, on-chip system memory and networking than the current highest-performance S32G2 Series device. These capabilities allow them to enable more ECU consolidation and support intelligent software-defined vehicles, says NXP. 

The S32G3 processors have more Ethernet bandwidth on two ports and on-chip system memory than the current S32G2 Series’ highest-performance device (S32G274A). They also double the number of isolation domains, which are critical for future ECU consolidation. The package pinout remains the same.

An EVB3 evaluation board, RDB3 reference design and GoldBox 3 rugged enclosure version, combined with a broad range of enablement software and the Vehicle Integration Platform (GoldVIP) for rapid connected gateway development are available to support evaluation, development, proof-of-concept and to accelerate time-to-market. 

The addition of the new processors means that the S32G family now addresses a broader range of vehicle applications from safe microcontrollers to higher-performance domain controllers, safety processors and zonal vehicle compute applications. 

The emerging domain and zonal architectures require the integration of more processing, memory, networking bandwidth and resource isolation to support software-defined vehicles, advises NXP. Intelligent connected vehicles demand more complex advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) safety and secure real-time and applications processing to offer vehicle and data-driven cloud services for smart cities and mobility. 

The S32G family of devices is supported by a broad partner ecosystem offering operating systems, virtualisation, execution environments, applications software, boards, software tools, engineering services, deep-dive training and cloud services. 

NXP helps customers design S32G system solutions with companion products. The SJA1110 multi-gigabit safe and secure automotive Ethernet switch is aligned to the latest TSN standards and offers integrated 100BASE-T1 PHYs, hardware-assisted security and safety capabilities and multi-gigabit interfaces. To ensure power management architecture and the safety concept scalability from S32G2 to S32G3, NXP developed the PF53 as a companion chip of the VR5510. The PF53 is a high-performance 12A core supply regulator with adaptive voltage positioning (AVP). 

NXP also offers a range of in-vehicle network transceivers with CAN high-speed signal integrity and security innovations.  

The initial S32G399A device has been sampled to lead customers with a production launch targeted for Q1 2023. 

http://www.NXP.com

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Versatile automotive touchscreen controller includes functional safety support

Multiple communication options, ISO 26262 functional safety support and flexible RF emission control are offered in the maXTouch touchscreen controller, says Microchip Technology.

According to the company, it allows automotive designers to satisfy various aspect ratios for touch displays in cars and, in response to requests by OEMs,  includes additional functional safety support.

The MXT1296M1T can reconfigure its driving and receiving touch channels to match the exact screen format, from 1:1 to 5:1 aspect ratio, i.e., including the popular 8:3 automotive aspect ratio. This allows the customer to efficiently use the number of touch channels available, without needing a larger, more expensive touch controller. Customers can save additional development and validation time, as well as resources, by reusing a common PCB design to support different touch sensor aspect ratios. The MXT1296M1T is believed to be an industry first in that it enables the sensor channel reconfiguration by parameters. Settings do not require firmware modification, which reduced the design risk and also the time to market.

Clayton Pillion director of the human machine interface (HMI) business unit at Microchip Technology, observed: “Products with enhanced diagnostic features are a significant advantage to customers who are designing with unique features and increasing ISO 26262 functional safety requirements in mind”.

The MXT1296M1T maXTouch touchscreen controller offers two communication interfaces operating simultaneously, which allow a bridgeless connection to the back channel of the LVDS video link for touch information and a connection to a local microcontroller. The bridgeless topology reduces touch latency to improve the user experience. It also guarantees compatibility with the maXTouch software driver, available for all major automotive operating systems, including Linux, Android and QNX. 

When connected to an appropriate local microcontroller, the second interface offers a number of benefits. Firstly, it offers a redundancy link to the head unit through a CAN bus or 10BASE-T1S automotive Ethernet link for increased functional safety at the system level. There is also local access and control of the maXTouch touchscreen controller’s features, for example, capacitive keys report, live touch sensor diagnostics and raw data for external and custom post-processing. 

Finally, there is over the air (OTA) and secure firmware update capability using Microchip’s TrustAnchor100 companion chip

The MXT1296M1T embeds various functional safety features to constantly check the integrity of the touch controller operation, as well as that of the connected touch sensors. The failure modes effects and diagnostic analysis (FMEDA) and functional safety manual support the customer in designing, building and certifying a system for Automotive Safety Integrity Level B (ASIL-B) applications to the ISO 26262 standard.

The MXT1296M1T allows for high resolution transmit waveform control to lower RF emissions and avoid interference with the car radio or RFID systems. As screen sizes  increase in cars, RF emissions generated by the projected capacitive touch technology are growing. (Emission limits vary in amplitude, frequency and bandwidth for each major car manufacturer.) The MXT1296M1T uses a dedicated on-chip 64-level DAC to accurately shape the waveform of the transmitting lines. As a result, designers can precisely control the frequency response and optimise the harmonic emissions to meet specific OEM-defined limits.

The MXT1296M1T configuration and tuning is supported by the latest release of maXTouch Studio integrated development environment (IDE). Microchip also offers the 

ATEVK-MXT1296M1T-A evaluation kit for order. This includes a development board with USB bridge, 12.3-inch / 8:3 format / 1.1mm OGS (one glass solution) touch panel, and touch key add-on boards for mutual and self-capacitance. 

There is also the ATMXT1296M1T-I2C-PCB development board for connection to a customer’s touch sensor

The MXT1296M1T is now available in volume production. ISO 26262 FMEDA and Functional Safety Manual will be available for purchase Q1, 2022. 

http://www.microchip.com

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